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Lesson plan

Equalities & Inequalities: Balancing the Four Operations

Teacher-facing plan: I do · We do · You do.

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Explicit teaching — I Do (~15 min)

The big idea of this lesson is that the equals sign expresses a relationship, not an instruction to "write the answer". Build everything on the balance model.

1. The equals sign means "the same value" WA6MNAUE1

A balance scale with 7 plus 5 on the left pan and 15 minus 3 on the right pan, sitting level, with an equals sign between them.
Both pans hold a value of 12, so the statement 7 + 5 = 15 − 3 is true.

Model that 7 + 5 and 15 − 3 both equal 12, so 7 + 5 = 15 − 3 is a true statement. Stress that "=" is not "the answer comes next".

2. Inequalities

Introduce <, > and . Model 6 × 3 > 5 × 3 and explain why the open mouth of the symbol "points" at the larger side.

3. Order of operations & brackets

Build the convention step by step — brackets, then × and ÷, then + and — rather than just stating a mnemonic.

Guided practice — We Do (~20 min)

  1. True or false? Display statements (e.g. 8 + 6 = 20 − 6; 4 × 5 = 25; 9 + 3 ≠ 15 − 2). Students vote on whiteboards and justify each.
  2. Fill the gap. Complete equalities such as 5 × □ = 30 ÷ 2 together.
  3. Brackets matter. Compute 12 − 2 × 3 and (12 − 2) × 3 as a class and discuss why the answers differ.
  4. Build your own. Pairs construct one true equality and one true inequality, each using at least two operations.

Independent practice — You Do (~15 min)

Students complete the worksheet:

  • label statements true or false, correcting the false ones;
  • insert =, < or > to make statements true;
  • evaluate expressions applying the order of operations, with and without brackets;
  • construct two of their own true statements using brackets.