Year 12 - Modern History (ATAR)

Learning outcomes

32 outcomes

HIM12-U3E1-1 Explain the economic, political and social conditions in Australia in 1918, including the political parties, protectionist economic policies and reliance on wheat and wool, the Immigration Restriction Act, the treatment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, and the position of women; and the significant ideas of the period, including egalitarianism, assimilation, communism, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander activism and nationalism. Unit 3 – Elective 1: Australia 1918–1949 understand
HIM12-U3E1-2 Analyse the impact of World War I on Australia and the development of national identity, including the reasons for going to war, the effects of enlistment, wartime government controls and propaganda, the role of women, the conscription debate and the role of Billy Hughes and its impact on the Labor Party, and the growth of nationalism through mateship and the Anzac legend, including contesting views of the legend and the exclusion of groups from it. Unit 3 – Elective 1: Australia 1918–1949 analyze
HIM12-U3E1-3 Analyse the management of national priorities in the 1920s and the changing nature of Australia's foreign policy from 1918–39, including the tensions between urbanisation, industrialisation and rural development, the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and Billy Hughes, membership of the League of Nations, the 1926 Imperial Conference and the Statute of Westminster, the challenges of returned soldiers and the Soldier Settlement Schemes, the rise of the Country Party and the 'Men, money, markets' policy. Unit 3 – Elective 1: Australia 1918–1949 analyze
HIM12-U3E1-4 Evaluate the causes of the Great Depression and the political responses to it, and its impact on different groups in Australian society, including an analysis of the causes 1929–32, the impact on social classes, women and children and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, the roles of Scullin and Lang and the effectiveness of the competing recovery plans, the 1931 Labor Split and its consequences, the emergence of the New Guard and left-wing parties, and the path to recovery under the Lyons government. Unit 3 – Elective 1: Australia 1918–1949 evaluate
HIM12-U3E1-5 Analyse the nature of, and response to, Australia's involvement in World War II in Europe, Asia and the Pacific (1939–45) and the experiences on the home front, including relations with Britain (the 'Singapore strategy') and the growing fear of Japan, the wartime leadership of Menzies and Curtin, the alliance with the United States, austerity and total war, the Fall of Singapore and Curtin's appeal to America, the formation of the Liberal Party in 1944, and Australia's role in the United Nations. Unit 3 – Elective 1: Australia 1918–1949 analyze
HIM12-U3E1-6 Analyse the key features of post-World War II reconstruction and the factors influencing the 1949 election, including the leadership of Ben Chifley and the 'Light on the Hill', industrialisation, urbanisation and immigration ('Populate or Perish'), the provision of social welfare, the Snowy Mountains Scheme, post-war foreign policy and the role of Evatt at the United Nations, Aboriginal activism (William Cooper, Faith Bandler, Jack Patten), and the contrasting policies of Chifley and Menzies and the impact of communism and the 1949 Coal Strike on the election. Unit 3 – Elective 1: Australia 1918–1949 analyze
HIM12-U3E2-1 Explain the economic, political and social conditions in Russia in 1914, including its geographical context, industrialisation and modernisation, Tsarist political structures and bureaucracy (the Okhrana, the Russian Orthodox Church, the concept of empire and the Dumas), rising political opposition, the significant ideas of autocracy and communism, and the social structure and growing discontent between social groups. Unit 3 – Elective 2: Russia and the Soviet Union 1914–45 understand
HIM12-U3E2-2 Analyse the internal divisions and crises within Russian society, including the impact of World War I (reasons for going to war, the significance of the Russian Army, successes and failures such as Tannenberg, the Masurian Lakes and the Brusilov Offensive, and conditions on the home front) and the leadership of Tsar Nicholas II, including his decision to take personal control of the army and the impact of Tsarina Alexandra and Rasputin. Unit 3 – Elective 2: Russia and the Soviet Union 1914–45 analyze
HIM12-U3E2-3 Analyse the causes and events of the February and October Revolutions of 1917, including the social, economic and political causes of the February Revolution, the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of Dual Power; and the problems facing the Provisional Government, Lenin's return and the April Theses, the leadership of Lenin and Kerensky, the Kornilov Revolt and the Bolshevik seizure of power. Unit 3 – Elective 2: Russia and the Soviet Union 1914–45 analyze
HIM12-U3E2-4 Analyse the causes, events and outcomes of the Russian Civil War, including the initial Bolshevik reforms and decrees, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the nature of the opposition and Allied Intervention, the leadership of Trotsky and the Red Army, the Red Terror and the Cheka, War Communism, the reasons for Bolshevik victory, and the outcomes including the 10th Party Congress, the New Economic Policy and the creation of the USSR. Unit 3 – Elective 2: Russia and the Soviet Union 1914–45 analyze
HIM12-U3E2-5 Evaluate the significance of Josef Stalin's rise to power and the reasons for his success by 1929, including the assessment of Lenin and his legacy, the contenders for power following Lenin's death, factionalism within the party and the defeat of the left and right oppositions, debates over economic policy, the ideological debate between permanent revolution and socialism in one country, and historical perspectives on the power struggle. Unit 3 – Elective 2: Russia and the Soviet Union 1914–45 evaluate
HIM12-U3E2-6 Analyse the economic changes that transformed Russia/the USSR to 1945 and their impact on peasants and factory workers, including War Communism, the New Economic Policy, the Great Turn, collectivisation (dekulakisation, peasant reaction and the Great Famine including the Holodomor) and industrialisation (Gosplan, the Five-Year Plans, Stakhanovism, the human cost and urbanisation). Unit 3 – Elective 2: Russia and the Soviet Union 1914–45 analyze
HIM12-U3E2-7 Analyse the social impact of communist policies to 1945 on women, education and the Russian Orthodox Church, including social welfare and the role of Alexandra Kollontai, changes to the position of women, the family, abortion and divorce, the spread of literacy and youth organisations such as the Komsomol, the campaign for atheism, and changes under Stalin including the Cultural Revolution, the 1935 Education Law, the Great Retreat and the 1936 Family Code. Unit 3 – Elective 2: Russia and the Soviet Union 1914–45 analyze
HIM12-U3E2-8 Evaluate the methods employed by the Stalinist regime to control society, including propaganda and the arts (socialist realism), repression and the use of force (OGPU/NKVD), the murder of Kirov, the Purges and the cleansing of the party, the Great Terror and the Show Trials, the Yezhovshchina, the death of Trotsky, Stalin's cult of personality, and an assessment of Stalin and Stalinism through historical perspectives in comparison to Leninism and Tsarism. Unit 3 – Elective 2: Russia and the Soviet Union 1914–45 evaluate
HIM12-U3E2-9 Analyse the factors that enabled the USSR to secure victory in the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945), including a brief overview of Soviet foreign policy in the 1920s and 1930s and the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact; Operation Barbarossa; Stalin's leadership including Orders 270 and 227, the Great Evacuation, Lend-Lease and use of the Russian Orthodox Church; key military engagements such as Stalingrad, Kursk and Bagration; the role of military leaders; and the impact of social and political forces including nationalism, the role of women, propaganda and the NKVD. Unit 3 – Elective 2: Russia and the Soviet Union 1914–45 analyze
HIM12-U4E1-1 Evaluate the origins of the Cold War in Europe and the division of the continent, including the legacy of World War II and the Yalta and Potsdam settlements, the competing roles of ideology and Stalin's desire for security, the creation of the Soviet buffer zone and the Iron Curtain, the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, the Berlin Blockade, and the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Unit 4 – Elective 1: The Changing European World since 1945 evaluate
HIM12-U4E1-2 Analyse the division of Germany and the role of Berlin as the focal point of the Cold War, including the post-war occupation zones, the creation of the Federal Republic (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), the contrast between the two states, the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 and its significance as a symbol of the divided continent. Unit 4 – Elective 1: The Changing European World since 1945 analyze
HIM12-U4E1-3 Analyse Soviet control of Eastern Europe and the challenges to it, including the nature of the Soviet bloc and the satellite states, the Hungarian Uprising of 1956, the Prague Spring of 1968 and the Brezhnev Doctrine, and the rise of the Solidarity movement in Poland, and the methods used by the USSR to maintain control. Unit 4 – Elective 1: The Changing European World since 1945 analyze
HIM12-U4E1-4 Evaluate the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War, including the role of Gorbachev's reforms (glasnost and perestroika) and the abandonment of the Brezhnev Doctrine, the revolutions of 1989 in Poland and Hungary, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the relative significance of internal pressures and external forces in bringing about the collapse. Unit 4 – Elective 1: The Changing European World since 1945 evaluate
HIM12-U4E1-5 Analyse the reunification of Germany and the reshaping of Europe after the Cold War, including the process of German reunification and the Two Plus Four Treaty (1990), the concerns of the occupying powers about a unified Germany, the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and the USSR, and the shift from a divided continent toward European integration through the European Union after 1992. Unit 4 – Elective 1: The Changing European World since 1945 analyze
HIM12-U4E2-1 Analyse the origins and development of Australia's engagement with Asia by 1949, including the political and social impact of the war with Japan, the shift in alliance from the United Kingdom to the United States, the increasing regional involvement of the United States, movements towards decolonisation, Australia's leadership of the Commonwealth Occupation Forces in Japan, the role of Evatt in establishing the United Nations, and the Chifley government's response to Indonesian independence. Unit 4 – Elective 2: Australia's Engagement with Asia since 1945 analyze
HIM12-U4E2-2 Analyse the reasons for, and impacts of, the formation of formal alliances, treaties and forums in the 1950s, including the Colombo Plan (1951), the ANZUS Treaty and SEATO, and the influence of the significant concepts of 'powerful friends' and regional security, and the significant idea of communism. Unit 4 – Elective 2: Australia's Engagement with Asia since 1945 analyze
HIM12-U4E2-3 Analyse the influence of the policy of forward defence and the leadership of Robert Menzies on Australia's response to key developments in international relations, including the success of the Communists in China, the Korean War and the Malayan Emergency, and the impact of the threat of communism on domestic politics (the Communist Party Dissolution Bill, the Petrov Affair and the 1955 ALP/DLP split). Unit 4 – Elective 2: Australia's Engagement with Asia since 1945 analyze
HIM12-U4E2-4 Evaluate the causes, nature and impact of Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War, including the long- and short-term causes (Ho Chi Minh and Vietnamese nationalism, the First Indochinese War and the Geneva Accords, American involvement), the nature of the warfare, the reasons for Australia's engagement (fear of communism, regional security, ANZUS and the alignment of Holt and LBJ), and the impacts within Australia including the protest movement and changing attitudes. Unit 4 – Elective 2: Australia's Engagement with Asia since 1945 evaluate
HIM12-U4E2-5 Analyse the evolving nature and role of Australia as a peacekeeping nation in Cambodia and East Timor, including the response to the Khmer Rouge regime and genocide and the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia, the leadership of Gareth Evans in the Cambodian Peace Process, the relationship with Indonesia from 1945–75, the Balibo 5 and the Timor Gap Treaty, John Howard's diplomacy, and Australia's leadership of INTERFET and support for UNTAET, drawing on the significant ideas of humanitarianism, and asylum and exclusion. Unit 4 – Elective 2: Australia's Engagement with Asia since 1945 analyze
HIM12-U4E2-6 Evaluate the significance of Australia's policy of multiculturalism to regional relationships, including the transition from the White Australia Policy to multiculturalism, the leadership of successive governments, the acceptance of refugees from Asia (Indochinese refugees and Chinese students after Tiananmen Square), debates on Asian immigration, and the influence of figures such as Blainey, Perkins, Fitzgerald and Hanson, drawing on the significant ideas of humanitarianism, and asylum and exclusion. Unit 4 – Elective 2: Australia's Engagement with Asia since 1945 evaluate
HIM12-U4E2-7 Analyse the changing nature and importance of Australia's trade with Asia and the reasons for, and impacts of, the formation of economic forums including ASEAN and APEC, including the Bretton Woods Agreement, the 1950s balance of payments crisis, the Commerce Agreement with Japan, the role of Whitlam, Fraser and Hawke in developing trade and political relations with China, and the Asian Financial Crisis and the rise of the Asian Tigers. Unit 4 – Elective 2: Australia's Engagement with Asia since 1945 analyze
HIM12-U4E3-1 Explain the origins of the Arab–Israeli conflict and the conditions in the Middle East after 1945, including the legacy of the Ottoman collapse and the British Mandate, the rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism, the impact of the Holocaust, the 1947 UN Partition Plan, the creation of the State of Israel in 1948 and the first Arab–Israeli war, and the significant ideas of nationalism, self-determination and the question of Palestinian refugees. Unit 4 – Elective 3: The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East since 1945 understand
HIM12-U4E3-2 Analyse the causes, course and consequences of the major Arab–Israeli wars, including the Suez Crisis (1956), the Six-Day War (1967) and its territorial outcomes, and the Yom Kippur War (1973), and the role of Cold War superpower involvement, the significance of UN Security Council Resolution 242, and the impact of these conflicts on the prospects for peace. Unit 4 – Elective 3: The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East since 1945 analyze
HIM12-U4E3-3 Evaluate the major attempts to settle the Arab–Israeli conflict, including the Camp David Accords (1978) and the Egypt–Israel peace treaty, the Oslo Accords (1993) and mutual recognition, the Camp David Summit (2000) and its failure, and the role and limitations of the United Nations (UNSC Resolutions 242 and 338, and UNRWA), assessing why some attempts succeeded and others failed. Unit 4 – Elective 3: The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East since 1945 evaluate
HIM12-U4E3-4 Analyse the development of Palestinian nationalism and the dynamics of the conflict from the ground, including the formation and role of the PLO, the experience of Palestinian refugees, the First Intifada (1987) and the Second Intifada (2000), and the use of terrorism and asymmetric resistance, and their impact on public opinion and the peace process. Unit 4 – Elective 3: The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East since 1945 analyze
HIM12-U4E3-5 Evaluate the impact of wider regional and external forces on the struggle for peace, including the Iranian Revolution (1979) and the rise of political Islam, the involvement of the Cold War superpowers and later the United States as broker, the role of oil and the significance of significant individuals such as Nasser, Sadat, Begin, Rabin and Arafat in shaping the course of the conflict and attempts at its resolution. Unit 4 – Elective 3: The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East since 1945 evaluate