Year 12 - Modern History (ATAR)

Components

31 components

C01-U3E2 Russia in 1914: Conditions and Significant Ideas The economic, political and social conditions in Russia in 1914: geographical context; industrialisation and modernisation; Tsarist political structures and bureaucracy (the Okhrana, the Russian Orthodox Church, the empire and the Dumas); rising political opposition; the social structure and growing discontent; and the significant ideas of autocracy and communism.
C02-U3E2 World War I and the Leadership of Tsar Nicholas II The internal divisions and crises within Russian society: the impact of World War I (reasons for war, the Russian Army, key battles such as Tannenberg, the Masurian Lakes and the Brusilov Offensive, and the home front) and the leadership of Tsar Nicholas II, including his decision to take personal control of the army and the influence of Tsarina Alexandra and Rasputin.
C03-U3E2 The Revolutions of 1917: February and October The causes and events of the February and October Revolutions of 1917: social, economic and political causes of the February Revolution, troop mutinies, the Petrograd Soviet and Order No. 1, Dual Power and the abdication of the Tsar; then Lenin's April Theses, the problems facing the Provisional Government, Bolshevik agitation, the Kornilov Revolt, and the Bolshevik seizure of power.
C04-U3E2 The Russian Civil War and the Creation of the USSR The causes, events and outcomes of the Russian Civil War: initial Bolshevik reforms and decrees, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the nature of the opposition and Allied Intervention, Trotsky and the Red Army, the Red Terror and the Cheka, War Communism, reasons for Bolshevik victory (including Kronstadt and peasant revolts), and outcomes including the 10th Party Congress, the NEP and the creation of the USSR.
C05-U3E2 Stalin's Rise to Power, 1924–1929 Stalin's rise to power and the reasons for his success by 1929: the assessment of Lenin and his legacy; the struggle for power following Lenin's death; factionalism and the defeat of the left (1924–27) and right (1927–29) oppositions; debates over economic policy; the ideological clash between permanent revolution and socialism in one country; the role of key party figures; and historical perspectives on the power struggle.
C06-U3E2 Economic Transformation: NEP, Collectivisation and Industrialisation The economic transformation of Russia/the USSR to 1945: the New Economic Policy and the scissor crisis; the Great Turn and the 15th Party Congress; collectivisation, dekulakisation, peasant reaction and the Great Famine (including the Holodomor in Ukraine); and industrialisation through Gosplan and the Five-Year Plans, including Stakhanovism, achievements, the human cost, urbanisation and the New Soviet Man.
C07-U3E2 Social Impact of Communist Policies to 1945 The social impact of communist policies to 1945 on women, education and the Russian Orthodox Church: social welfare and Alexandra Kollontai; changes to women's position, the family, abortion and divorce; literacy and youth organisations such as the Komsomol; the campaign for atheism; and changes under Stalin, including the Cultural Revolution, the 1935 Education Law, the Great Retreat and the 1936 Family Code.
C08-U3E2 Stalinist Control: Propaganda, Repression and the Great Terror The methods employed by the Stalinist regime to control society: propaganda and the arts (socialist realism); repression and the OGPU/NKVD; the murder of Kirov; the Purges and the cleansing of the party; the Great Terror and the Show Trials; the Yezhovshchina; the death of Trotsky; Stalin's cult of personality; and an assessment of Stalin and Stalinism through historical perspectives, with comparisons to Leninism and Tsarism.
C09-U3E2 The Great Patriotic War, 1941–1945 The factors that enabled the USSR to secure victory in the Great Patriotic War (1941–45): an overview of Soviet foreign policy in the 1920s–30s and the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact; Operation Barbarossa; Stalin's leadership (Orders 270 and 227, the Great Evacuation, Lend-Lease, the Orthodox Church); key battles such as Stalingrad, Kursk and Bagration; the role of military leaders; and the impact of social and political forces including nationalism, the role of women, propaganda, STAVKA and the NKVD.
C01-U3E1 Australia in 1918, World War I and National Identity Australia in 1918 and the impact of World War I: political parties and protectionist economic conditions; the Immigration Restriction Act, the treatment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and the position of women; reasons for going to war, enlistment, wartime controls and propaganda; the conscription debate and Billy Hughes; and the growth of nationalism through mateship and the contested Anzac legend.
C02-U3E1 National Priorities and Foreign Policy in the 1920s National priorities and foreign policy in the 1920s: tensions between urbanisation, industrialisation and rural development; the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and Hughes; the League of Nations; the 1926 Imperial Conference and the Statute of Westminster; returned soldiers and the Soldier Settlement Schemes; the rise of the Country Party and the Bruce–Page government; and the 'Men, money, markets' policy and the Empire Settlement Act.
C03-U3E1 The Great Depression and the Political Crisis The Great Depression in Australia: the causes 1929–32; the impact on social classes, women and children, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples; the political responses of Scullin and Lang and the effectiveness of the competing plans; the 1931 Labor Split and its consequences; the emergence of the New Guard and left-wing parties; and economic recovery under the Lyons government.
C04-U3E1 Australia and World War II Australia and World War II: relations with Britain (the 'Singapore strategy') and the growing fear of Japan; the nature and scope of Australia's war effort in Europe, Asia and the Pacific (1939–45); the wartime leadership of Menzies and Curtin; the alliance with the United States; austerity and total war on the home front; the Fall of Singapore and Curtin's appeal to America; the formation of the Liberal Party in 1944; and Australia's role in the United Nations.
C05-U3E1 Post-War Reconstruction and the 1949 Election Post-war reconstruction and the 1949 election: the leadership of Ben Chifley and the 'Light on the Hill'; the White Paper on Employment, the Snowy Mountains Scheme, banking reform and social welfare; immigration and 'Populate or Perish' and its social impact; post-war foreign policy and the role of Evatt at the UN; Aboriginal activism (William Cooper, Faith Bandler, Jack Patten); and the 1949 election — the contrasting policies of Chifley and Menzies and the impact of communism and the Coal Strike.
C01-U4E2 Origins of Engagement with Asia by 1949 The origins of Australia's engagement with Asia by 1949: the political and social impact of the war with Japan; the shift in alliance from the UK to the USA; the increasing regional involvement of the United States; movements towards decolonisation; Australia's leadership of the Commonwealth Occupation Forces in Japan; Evatt's role in establishing the UN; and the Chifley government's response to Indonesian independence 1945–49.
C02-U4E2 Alliances and Treaties: Colombo Plan, ANZUS and SEATO Alliances, treaties and forums in the 1950s: the reasons for and impacts of the Colombo Plan (1951), the ANZUS Treaty and its defensive nature, and SEATO; the influence of the concepts of 'powerful friends' and regional security; and the ideological motives of these arrangements in the context of the significant idea of communism.
C03-U4E2 Forward Defence: China, Korea, Malaya and Domestic Anti-Communism Forward defence and the Menzies era: the influence of forward defence and Menzies' leadership on Australia's response to the success of the Communists in China, the Korean War and the Malayan Emergency; and the threat of communism as a domestic political force, including the Communist Party Dissolution Bill and referendum, the Petrov Affair, the 1954 election and the 1955 ALP/DLP split.
C04-U4E2 The Vietnam War and Its Impact on Australia The Vietnam War: long- and short-term causes including Ho Chi Minh and Vietnamese nationalism, the First Indochinese War and the Geneva Accords, and American involvement in South Vietnam; the nature of the warfare (chemical weapons, media coverage, 'hearts and minds'); the reasons for Australia's engagement (fear of communism, ANZUS, regional security, the Holt–LBJ alignment); and the impacts within Australia including the protest movement and changing attitudes to communism and Asia.
C05-U4E2 Peacekeeping: Cambodia and East Timor Australia as a peacekeeping nation in Cambodia and East Timor: the causes, events and impacts of the Khmer Rouge regime and genocide and Australia's response; the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia and the leadership of Gareth Evans in the Cambodian Peace Process; the relationship with Indonesia 1945–75, the Balibo 5 and the Timor Gap Treaty; Howard's diplomacy; and Australia's leadership of INTERFET and support for UNTAET.
C06-U4E2 From White Australia to Multiculturalism Multiculturalism and regional relationships: the transition from the White Australia Policy to multiculturalism, including its gradual deconstruction (the Colombo Plan, the Migration Act 1958, the abolition of the policy); the leadership of successive governments; the acceptance of Asian refugees (Indochinese refugees and Chinese students after Tiananmen Square); family reunion and debates on Asian immigration; and the influence of Blainey, Perkins, Fitzgerald and Hanson.
C07-U4E2 Trade with Asia: ASEAN, APEC and the Asian Tigers Trade with Asia and economic forums: the Bretton Woods Agreement and changing trade relationships; the 1950s balance of payments crisis and the identification of Asia as a trade source; the 1957 Commerce Agreement with Japan and post-war relational repair; the role of Whitlam, Fraser and Hawke in developing trade and political relations with China; leadership in developing ASEAN and APEC forums; and the Asian Financial Crisis and the rise of the Asian Tigers.
C01-U4E3 Origins of the Conflict and the Creation of Israel The origins of the Arab–Israeli conflict: the legacy of the Ottoman collapse and the British Mandate; the rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism; the impact of the Holocaust; the 1947 UN Partition Plan; the creation of the State of Israel in 1948 and the first Arab–Israeli war; and the significant ideas of nationalism, self-determination and the Palestinian refugee question.
C02-U4E3 The Arab–Israeli Wars: Suez, 1967 and 1973 The major Arab–Israeli wars: the causes, course and consequences of the Suez Crisis (1956), the Six-Day War (1967) and its territorial outcomes, and the Yom Kippur War (1973); the role of Cold War superpower involvement; the significance of UN Security Council Resolution 242; and the impact of these conflicts on the prospects for peace.
C03-U4E3 Attempts at Peace: Camp David, Oslo and the UN Attempts to settle the conflict: the Camp David Accords (1978) and the Egypt–Israel peace treaty; the Oslo Accords (1993) and mutual recognition; the Camp David Summit (2000) and its failure; and the role and limitations of the United Nations (UNSC Resolutions 242 and 338, and UNRWA), assessing why some attempts succeeded and others failed.
C04-U4E3 Palestinian Nationalism and the Intifadas Palestinian nationalism and the conflict from the ground: the formation and role of the PLO; the experience of Palestinian refugees; the First Intifada (1987) and the Second Intifada (2000); the use of terrorism and asymmetric resistance; and the impact of these on public opinion and the peace process.
C05-U4E3 Regional Forces, External Powers and Significant Leaders Wider regional and external forces: the Iranian Revolution (1979) and the rise of political Islam; the involvement of the Cold War superpowers and later the United States as broker; the role of oil; and the significance of individuals such as Nasser, Sadat, Begin, Rabin and Arafat in shaping the course of the conflict and attempts at its resolution.
C01-U4E1 Origins of the Cold War and the Division of Europe The origins of the Cold War in Europe: the legacy of World War II and the Yalta and Potsdam settlements; the competing roles of ideology and Stalin's desire for security; the Soviet buffer zone and the Iron Curtain; the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan; the Berlin Blockade; and the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
C02-U4E1 Divided Germany and the Berlin Wall The division of Germany and Berlin as the focal point of the Cold War: the post-war occupation zones; the creation of West Germany (FRG) and East Germany (GDR); the contrast between the two states; and the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 and its significance as the symbol of a divided continent.
C03-U4E1 Soviet Control of Eastern Europe and Its Challenges Soviet control of Eastern Europe and challenges to it: the nature of the Soviet bloc and the satellite states; the Hungarian Uprising of 1956; the Prague Spring of 1968 and the Brezhnev Doctrine; the rise of the Solidarity movement in Poland; and the methods used by the USSR to maintain control.
C04-U4E1 The Collapse of Communism and the End of the Cold War The collapse of communism and the end of the Cold War: Gorbachev's reforms (glasnost and perestroika) and the abandonment of the Brezhnev Doctrine; the revolutions of 1989 in Poland and Hungary; the fall of the Berlin Wall; and the relative significance of internal pressures and external forces in the collapse.
C05-U4E1 German Reunification and a New Europe The reunification of Germany and the reshaping of Europe: the process of German reunification and the Two Plus Four Treaty (1990); the concerns of the occupying powers about a unified Germany; the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and the USSR; and the shift from a divided continent toward European integration through the European Union after 1992.